Systems and media for awarding credits based on provided usage information

ABSTRACT

Systems and media for awarding credits based on provided usage information are disclosed. More particularly, hardware and/or software for collecting and disseminating usage information related to electronic documents and for awarding usage credits to users in exchange for providing usage information are disclosed. Embodiments include receiving an indication of the usage of an electronic document by a user and aggregating the received usage indication for the document with usage indications relating to other users. Embodiments may also include creating document utilization information for the electronic document based on the aggregated usage indications and awarding usage credit to the user based on the user&#39;s providing statistics on the usage of the electronic document. Further embodiments may include transmitting an indication of the awarded usage credit to the user and receiving a request to use the usage credits.

CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATION(S)

Pursuant to 35 USC §120, this continuation application claims priorityto and the benefit of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 12/122,186, filedon May 16, 2008, and which claims priority to and the benefit of U.S.patent application Ser. No. 11/032,879, filed on Jan. 11, 2005 which isU.S. Pat. No. 7,433,866, issued on Oct. 7, 2008, the disclosure of whichis incorporated herein in its entirety for all purposes. Thisapplication is also related to U.S. patent application Ser. No.11/032,872, filed on Jan. 11, 2005 which is U.S. Pat. No. 7,421,426,issued on Sep. 2, 2008.

FIELD OF INVENTION

The present invention is in the field of data processing systems and, inparticular, to systems and media for awarding usage credits to users,particularly for awarding usage credits based on providing usageinformation relating to electronic documents.

BACKGROUND

Personal computer systems are well known in the art. They have attainedwidespread use for providing computer power to many segments of today'smodern society. Personal computers (PCs) may be defined as a desktop,floor standing, or portable microcomputer that includes a system unithaving a central processing unit (CPU) and associated volatile andnon-volatile memory, including random access memory (RAM) and basicinput/output system read only memory (BIOS ROM), a system monitor, akeyboard, one or more flexible diskette drives, a CD-ROM drive, a fixeddisk, storage drive (also known as a “hard drive”), a pointing devicesuch as a mouse, and an optional network interface adapter. Examples ofsuch personal computer systems are International Business MachineCorp.'s (IBM's) ThinkCentre™, ThinkPad™, Aptiva™, and IntelliStation™series of personal computers. The use of mobile computing devices, suchas notebook PCs, personal digital, assistants (PDAs), tablet PCs,sophisticated wireless phones, etc., has also become widespread. Mobilecomputing devices typically exchange some functionality or performancewhen compared to traditional PCs in exchange for smaller size, portablepower, and mobility.

The widespread use of PCs and mobile computing devices in varioussegments of society has resulted in a reliance on computer systems bothat work and at home, such as for telecommuting, news, stock marketinformation and trading, banking, shopping, shipping, communication inthe form of hypertext transfer protocol (http) and e-mail, as well asother services. Many of these functions take advantage of thecommunication abilities offered by the Internet. Such connectivity hasfacilitated unprecedented amounts of collaboration and sharing ofinformation between individuals, both within organizations and outsideorganizational structures. This collaboration has resulted inindividuals having access to and sharing vast amounts of information,often in the form of electronic documents. Electronic documents aredigitized documents that contain text, graphics, photographs, etc., andcan be read by various computer systems. Electronic documents may be inany file format, such as Portable Network Graphics (PNG), JointPhotographic Experts Group (JPEG), Graphics Interchange Format (GIF),Tag Image File Format (TIFF), Microsoft Word (DOC), Hypertext MarkupLanguage (HTML), Adobe Systems Inc.'s Portable Document Format (PDF),etc. For many applications, electronic documents, particularly PDFdocuments, have supplanted printed material for the dissemination ofinformation, as many journals, newsletters, books, articles, etc., arenow distributed either exclusively or non-exclusively in electronicform.

While electronic documents possess improved qualities in many ways overhardcopies, such as cost, easy of distribution, and time to prepare,disadvantages of electronic documents when compared to paper documentsdo exist. One deficiency of electronic documents is that it is oftendifficult to find the most interesting or useful part of an electronicbook or other document. With a paper book, individuals may observe whichpages are the most worn or the pages to which the hook naturally opensdue to frequent reading of those pages. One can easily discern whichbook in, say, a library is the most useful based on its wear, and onecan also often find the most useful part of the book by noting the wearcaused by frequent reading. Because of the fixed nature of an electronicdocument, electronic documents fail to provide such indications offrequently-read or particularly useful sections of the document.

The vast, amount of content, including electronic documents, availableon public networks such as the Internet often makes it difficult forusers to find useful and relevant information. Accordingly, many peopleutilize search engines to assist them in their search. Search enginesare programs that search documents on a network for specified keywordsand return to the requester a list, of documents where the keywords werefound. Typically, a search engine works by sending out a “spider” tofetch as many documents as possible, after which an “indexer” reads thedocuments and creates an index for the words contained in each document.Each search engine then typically creates indices using a proprietaryalgorithm so that meaningful results are returned for each query.Example publicly-available search engines include those provided byMicrosoft Corporation, Google Inc., Yahoo! Inc., etc.

While search engines are quite powerful, they suffer from some flaws.First, search engines do not always identify the most relevant linksearly in the search results, forcing the user to spend time reviewingmultiple results to find the information they are seeking. Additionally,search engines do not always identify the portion of a document mostlikely to satisfy the customer or requester, as they only identify, atbest, the portion of the document in which the search words were found.This problem is exacerbated for larger documents, as a user may not knowwhere to look in a very long document for the most relevant information.Additionally, search engines are often misled by the frequent appearanceof keywords, such as when document developers attempt to mislead asearch engine into giving a higher priority for a particular site ordocument by incorporating large numbers of keywords in the document in aprocess known as “keyword spamming”. Keyword spamming often results inerroneous or misleading query results, making the search engine lessdesirable for the user. Improving the performance of search engines willlikely increase the usage of that search engine and thus the revenuegenerated from it.

There is, therefore, a need for an effective system to improve thefunctionality of search engines, particularly when search engines areused to find information contained in portions of electronic documents.In particular, there is a need to find information relevant to a usercontained in portions of electronic documents.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

The problems identified above are in large part addressed by systems,methods, and media for awarding credits based on provided usageinformation. Embodiments receive an indication of the usage of anelectronic document by a user and aggregate the received usageindication received with usage indications relating to other users.Embodiments may then create document utilization information for theelectronic document based on the aggregated usage indications and awardusage credit to the user based on the user's usage of the electronicdocument. Further embodiments transmit an indication of the awardedusage credit to the user and receive a request from the user to use theusage credits.

Another embodiment provides a machine-accessible medium containinginstructions effective, when executing in a data processing system, tocause the system to perform a series of operations for awarding creditsbased on provided usage information. Embodiments receive an indicationof the usage of an electronic document by a user and aggregate thereceived usage indication with usage indications relating to otherusers. Embodiments may then create document utilization information forthe electronic document based on the aggregated usage indications andaward usage credit to the user based on the user's usage of theelectronic document. Further embodiments transmit an indication of theawarded usage credit to the user and receive a request from the user touse the usage credits.

A further embodiment provides a data processing system that may includea document computer system and an aggregator server. The documentcomputer system may include a usage tracking module for tracking auser's usage of an electronic document. The aggregator server mayinclude an aggregator module and a usage credit module. The aggregatormodule creates document utilization information based on received usageinformation from one or more users and the usage credit module may awardusage credit to users based on their usage of the electronic document.The data processing system may also include a search engine server forgenerating search results in response to a search request, where thesearch engine server may award statistics credits based on receiveddocument utilization information.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

Other objects and advantages of the invention will become apparent uponreading the following detailed description and upon reference to theaccompanying drawings in which, like references may indicate similarelements:

FIG. 1 depicts an environment for a system for collecting anddisseminating electronic document usage information according to oneembodiment;

FIG. 2 depicts one embodiment of an aggregator server of the documentusage system of FIG. 1;

FIG. 3 depicts one embodiment of a search engine server of the documentusage system of FIG. 1;

FIG. 4 depicts an example of a flow chart for determining electronicdocument usage and requesting a search according to one embodiment;

FIG. 5 depicts an example of a flow chart for aggregating electronicdocument usage information according to one embodiment; and

FIG. 6 depicts an example of a flow chart for receiving electronicdocument usage information and generating search results according toone embodiment.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF EMBODIMENTS

The following is a detailed description of example embodiments of theinvention depicted in the accompanying drawings. The example embodimentsare in such detail as to clearly communicate the invention. However, theamount of detail offered is not intended to limit the anticipatedvariations of embodiments; on the contrary, the intention is to coverall modifications, equivalents, and alternatives falling within thespirit and scope of the present invention as defined by the appendedclaims. The detailed descriptions below are designed to make suchembodiments obvious to a person of ordinary skill in the art.

Systems, methods and media for awarding credits based on provided usageinformation are disclosed. More particularly, hardware and/or softwarefor collecting and disseminating usage information related to electronicdocuments and for awarding usage credits to users in exchange forproviding usage information are disclosed. Embodiments include receivingan indication of the usage of an electronic document by a user andaggregating the received usage indication for the document with usageindications relating to other users. Embodiments may also includecreating document utilization information for the electronic documentbased on the aggregated usage indications and awarding usage credit tothe user based on the user's providing statistics on the usage of theelectronic document. Further embodiments may include transmitting anindication of the awarded usage credit to the user and receiving arequest to use the usage credits.

The disclosed embodiments encourage users to provide document usageinformation to document providers and encourage document providers toprovide aggregated document utilization information to search engines byproviding for credits in exchange for information. Incorporatingdocument utilization information, in search results improves the qualityof search results provided to users by providing more meaningful andaccurate search results. Improved quality of search results may increasethe usage and revenue of a search site, as well as increase access toelectronic documents for which document utilization information isavailable. Encouraging users to provide document usage information viacredits results in an incentive for more users to provide information,making the document utilization information more accurate and valuable.

While specific embodiments will be described below with reference toparticular configurations of hardware and/or software, those of skill inthe art will realize that embodiments of the present invention mayadvantageously be implemented with other substantially equivalenthardware and/or software systems.

Turning now to the drawings, FIG. 1 depicts an environment for a systemfor collecting and disseminating electronic document usage informationaccording to one embodiment. In the depicted embodiment, the documentusage system 100 includes one or more document computer systems 102 incommunication with a network 110. Each document computer system 102 maycontain a usage tracking module 112 and a document reader 114. A usermay view electronic documents using the document reader 114 while theusage tracking module 112 tracks information relating to the user'saccess of particular electronic documents. In the depicted embodimentsthe document usage system 100 also includes one or more aggregatorservers 104 in communication with the document computer systems 102 vianetwork 110 for aggregating usage information gathered from users. Eachaggregator server 104 may be in communication with one or more searchengine servers 106 via network 120, while the one or more search engineservers 106 may be in communication with one or more user searchcomputer systems 102 via network 130. A user on a user search computersystem 108 may use a browser 126 or other program to request a searchfrom a search engine server 106. A search engine server 106 may thenprovide search results to a user on a user search computer system 108based at least partially on document utilization information receivedfrom an aggregator server 104.

Electronic documents may be digitized documents that contain text,graphics, photographs, etc. that may be read by various computersystems. Electronic documents may contain text or graphics and may useany type of file format, such as PNG, JPEG, GIF, TIFF, DOC, HTML, PDF,RTF, TXT, MCW, etc. Electronic documents may include any type ofdocument, such as books, eBooks, articles, journals, World Wide Web(Web) pages, etc. Electronic documents may, in one embodiment, includemultiple pages and/or other means of organizing the document, such aschapters, sections, volumes, etc.

Networks 110, 120, 130 may be any type of data communications channel,such as the Internet, an intranet, a LAN, a WAN, an Ethernet network, awireless network, a proprietary network, a broadband cable network, etc.Networks 110, 120, and/or 130 may be the same or different networks. TheInternet or other public network may be particularly useful as network110, 120, and 130 when the search engine server 106 is hosting apublicly-accessible search site. Those skilled in the art willrecognize, however, that the invention described herein may beimplemented utilizing any type or any combination of data communicationschannels.

Document computer systems 102 may include personal computers,workstations, servers, mainframe computers, notebook or laptopcomputers, desktop computers, PDAs, tablet or palm PCs, set-top boxes,mobile phones, wireless devices, or the like. The usage tracking module112 may track the user's usage of an electronic document being viewed.Usage of an electronic document may include opening or closing theelectronic document, creating or deleting bookmarks in the electronicdocument, lime spent with the electronic document open, printing theelectronic document, e-mailing or otherwise transmitting the electronicdocument, etc. In one embodiment, the usage of the electronic documentis tracked based on the portion of the electronic document being used,such as a page, chapter, section, etc. of the document. As described inmore detail in relation to the aggregator servers 104, users may earnusage credit from an aggregator server 104 based on their electronicdocument usage. The users may use their usage credit with either theaggregator server 104 or search engine server 106 to acquire improvedservices, discounted services, etc.

A user may utilize a document computer system 102 to view or readelectronic documents using a document reader 114, such as a browser(e.g., Microsoft Corporation's Microsoft Explorer™, etc.), dedicatedelectronic document reader software (e.g., Adobe Systems Inc.'s AdobeAcrobat® or Reader), or other software. The document reader 114 may beany software module that is used to display an electronic document.Examples of current document readers 114 include Adobe Systems Inc.'sAdobe Acrobat® or Reader, Microsoft Corporation's Word™ or Reader™, PalmCorporation's Reader™, MobiPocket Reader, etc. A user may also usedocument computer system 102 (such as with document reader 114) to useusage credits they have earned (as described in more detail below), suchas to order additional electronic documents, etc.

Aggregator servers 104 may include one or more PCs, workstations,servers, mainframe computers, notebook or laptop computers, desktopcomputers, or the like, and are described in more detail in relation toFIG. 2. Each aggregator server 104 may include an aggregator module 116for collecting and aggregating electronic document usage informationreceived from users on a document computer system 102. For example, theaggregator module 116 may aggregate the amount of time that each userspent on a particular page of an electronic document for all users whoviewed the document. In this embodiment, the aggregator module 116determines the pages (or other sections or portions) of the electronicdocument on which users have spent the most time viewing. Time spentviewing a page or other portion of a document may be used as a proxy forthe value, utility, or relevance of the information included on thatpage. The aggregator module 116 may analyze, collect, or aggregateelectronic document usage information for electronic documents in anyfashion.

Each aggregator server 104 may also include a usage credit module 118.The usage credit module 188 may award credits, called usage creditsherein, to users who are using electronic documents and providingdocument usage information as a reward to those users. A user mayexchange usage credits for any good or service, such as free usage ofelectronic documents, document utilization information for electronicdocuments, monetary rewards or other items, electronic coupons, or anyother good or service. A user may also exchange usage credits to receivebenefits from the search engine server 106, such as premium searches(e.g., more accurate, quicker, etc.), quicker searches, searches withless or no advertisements, etc. The usage credit module 118 may alsomanage awarded usage credits, facilitate users using their usagecredits, etc. By providing usage credits to users who are usingelectronic documents and providing document usage information to anaggregator server 104, the document usage system 100 will encourageusers to agree to provide document usage information. For many users,the incentive of getting usage credits will likely outweigh theirreluctance to provide information about their particular usage.

One or more search engine servers 106 may be in communication with anyaggregator modules 104 (via network 120) and with any user searchcomputer systems 108. The one or more search engine servers 106 mayinclude one or more PCs, workstations, servers, mainframe computers,notebook or laptop computers, desktop computers, or the like. A searchengine server 106 may receive a search request from a user on a usersearch computer system 108, where the search request may includekeywords or other parameters that define the scope of the user's desiredsearch. After generating search results, search engine server 106 maytransmit search results to a user on a user search computer system 108.A search engine server 106 may receive aggregated document utilizationinformation from an aggregator server 104 to be used or supplementsearch results for the user.

The search engine server 106 may use received document utilizationinformation gathered from a plurality of users to supplement searchresults provided to users. Document utilization information provides anindication of the valuable or relevant portions of a document based onthe amount that a document (or portion of a document) has actually beenused. For example, if a document matches the search request and thusappears in the search results, the document usage system 100 may pointusers to the most heavily used sections (i.e., the most relevant),potentially saving the user's time and improving the results. In anotherexample, documents or sections of documents that have been heavilyviewed by users may be moved up in the search result list, improving thequality of search results. Heavily viewed documents often provide morerelevant and timely information to users, as users are unlikely to spendlarge amounts of time with documents that are not useful.

Each search engine sewer 106 may also include a usage credit module 124and a statistics credit module 122. The usage credit module 124 of thesearch engine server 106 may be similar to the usage credit module 118of the aggregator server 104, and either, or both, may grant and manageusage credits. Statistics credit module 122 may grant statistics creditto document providers in exchange for aggregated document utilizationinformation. A document provider (e.g., aggregator server 104 owner,document author, document copyright owner, etc.) may exchange statisticscredits for improved services from a search engine provider, such ashigher visibility in search results, document utilization informationrelated to other documents, free or discounted advertisements, cash orother items, etc. By providing statistics credits to document providersin exchange for document utilization information, search engineproviders are able to encourage document, providers to supply documentutilization information to improve the quality and content of theirsearches. Document providers, on the other hand, may receive significantbenefits in exchange for information that they are already gathering.

User search computer systems 108 may include personal computers,workstations, servers, mainframe computers, notebook or laptopcomputers, desktop computers, PDAs, tablet or palm PCs, set-top boxes,mobile phones, wireless devices, or the like. A user search computersystem 108 may include a browser 126 for creating and submitting searchrequests and for viewing search results. Browser 126 may be a graphicalbrowser application that allows a user to view Internet or intranetcontent such as Microsoft Corporation's internet Explorer, NetscapeCommunication Corporation's Navigator, Mozilla, Apple Corporation'sSafari, etc. Using a browser 126, a user may connect to a network siteassociated with a search engine server 106, create and submit a search,and view the search results when the search is completed. A singlecomputer system may serve as both document computer system 102 and usersearch computer system 108. A user may also use user computer system 102(such as with browser 126) to use usage credits, such as to request apremium search.

The document usage system 100 of the disclosed embodimentsadvantageously provides a methodology for encouraging users, documentproviders, and search engine providers to participate in the documentusage system 100. Search engine providers are encouraged to participateas the disclosed embodiments advantageously provide improved resultsfrom search engines, increasing the value of search results to users andultimately the number of users using a search engine and the potentialrevenue from the search engine. The improved results from search enginesmay result from either improved quality in the stems and ranking ofitems in the search result or improved, and more relevant, informationregarding electronic documents included in the search results.

Document providers are encouraged to participate as they may earnstatistics credit from search engine providers when they providedocument utilization information to a search engine provider which thedocument providers may use to acquire improved services (e.g., highervisibility in search results) from the search engine provider. Forexample, a document provider may provide document utilizationinformation for a particular document in exchange for the search engineprovider providing additional weight to that document in creating searchresults. Document providers may also receive additional usageinformation for their documents and additional viewers of theirdocuments.

Users are encouraged to use document usage system 100 by the ability toearn usage credits with which they may purchase improved or lower costservices if they provide document usage information pertaining to theirusage of various electronic documents. For example, a user who allowsdocument usage information to be gathered based on their usage and sentto an aggregator server 104, the document usage system 100 may allowthat user to freely access aggregated document utilization informationaggregated for electronic documents that they own or that are the resultof one of their searches. In another example, the document usage system100 may provide a discount on an electronic document (or provide it fortree) if the user is willing to allow a user tracking module 112 togather document usage information.

Referring now to FIG. 2, depicts one embodiment of an aggregator server104 of the document usage system 100 of FIG. 1. In the embodiment ofFIG. 2, the aggregator server 104 includes an aggregator module 116, ausage credit module 118, a user communications module 202, a searchengine communications module 204, a usage analysis module 206, and amemory module 208. The aggregator module 116 and usage credit module 118are described in relation to FIG. 1. The user communications module 202may receive information, such as document usage information, from thedocument computer systems 102 via the network 110. The usercommunications module 202 may also transmit information, such asaggregated document utilization information, to the document usercomputer systems 102. The search engine communications module 204 maytransmit aggregated document usage information or other information to asearch engine server 106 via network 120. The search enginecommunications module 204 may also receive search result statistics orother information from the search engine server 106.

The usage analysis module 206 may provide more sophisticated analysis ofthe document usage information collected and aggregated by theaggregator module 116. For example, the usage analysis module 206 maysort and/or analyze the usage information by type of user, class ofuser, type of usage (e.g., printing, viewing, etc.), differenttimeframes (e.g., giving more weight to more recent usage), etc. In oneembodiment, an administrator or other user may customize the type ofanalysis that is performed by the usage analysis module 206. Memorymodule 208 may store any type of information, such as user preferences,electronic documents, document usage information, document utilizationinformation, etc. Any type of memory may be used, including fixed orremovable media, permanent or temporary storage, volatile ornon-volatile memory, hard drives, CD-ROMs, etc. In one embodiment,memory module 208 may store document identification information, such asdocument name or identifier, creation or modification date, edition,publisher, document type (e.g., DOC, PDF, etc.), etc. Memory module 208may maintain document usage information in, for example, a table in thememory module 208 organized by document identification. In oneembodiment, when no user has provided data for a particular electronicdocument, memory module 208 may store an indication that no data exists.

Referring now to FIG. 3, there is shown a search engine server 106 ofthe document usage system 100 of FIG. 1 according to one embodiment. Thefunctions of the various modules of FIGS. 2 and 3 may be combined ordistributed in any fashion between the aggregator server 104 and searchengine server 106. In the embodiment of FIG. 3, the search engine server106 includes a usage credit module 124, a statistics credit module 122,a user communications module 302, an aggregator server module 304, aspider module 306, a search algorithm module 308, an indexer module 310,and a memory module 312. The usage credit module 124 and the statisticscredit module 122 are described in relation to FIG. 1. The usercommunications module 302 may receive an indication of a search requestor other information from a user search computer system 108 via thenetwork 130. The user communications module 302 may also transmit anindication of search results or other information to a user searchcomputer system 108. The aggregator server module 304 may receiveaggregated document utilization information from the aggregator server104 and may also transmit search result statistics to the aggregatorserver 104. Either the user communication module 302 or the aggregatorserver module 304 may also receive document usage information relatingto a particular user.

The spider module 306 may search the content of sites and/or documentson a network (e.g., the Internet), after which the indexer module 310may analyze the content of the sites and/or documents to create an indexfor the words contained in each. The index may be stored in the memorymodule 312. Memory module 312 may store any type of information, such asgenerated indexes, document usage information, search results, etc., andmemory module 312 may utilize any type of memory. In response toreceiving a search request from a user, the search algorithm module 308may search the index created by the indexer module 310 to determine theitems (and the ranking of items) in the search result. The search resultmay include a list of documents (and associated network addresses) wherethe keywords in the search request were found. The search result mayinclude a ranking of ‘hits’, or sites and documents satisfying thesearch, based on their likely interest to the requesting user. Thesearch results may also include a selection of the content in thedocument containing the keywords.

In one embodiment, the search algorithm module 308 may utilize documentutilization information received by the aggregator server module 304 inaddition to the index of keywords. For example, if the number of usersor the time spent by users for a plurality of electronic documents isknown, the search algorithm module 308 may rank those electronicdocuments in any search requests for which they satisfy the keywordsearch in descending order of usage. An electronic document that hasbeen read more often, in other words, might be ranked higher than anelectronic document that has been read less frequently. In anotherexample, the search result may reference the portion of an electronicdocument that is most utilized (as identified by the aggregator module104), either by link or the content itself, in the search resultsgenerated by the search algorithm module 308. This allows a user viewingthe search results to see the content most likely to meet their needs.

In an alternative embodiment, the search algorithm module 308 mayimprove the search results based on the particular usage patterns of therequesting user. For example, if the requesting user has provideddocument usage information previously their document usage informationmay be used to further improve the search results. The search algorithmmodule 308 in this embodiment may tune the search algorithm based onprevious searches performed by a user, what type of documents the userhas found most interesting previously, etc. As an example, if usersspend a very high percentage of their time reviewing documents relatedto photography, the search results could be optimized based on theassumption that their present search likely relates to that samesubject.

FIG. 4 depicts an example of a flow chart 400 for determining electronicdocument usage and requesting a search according to one embodiment. Themethod of flow chart 400 may be performed, in one embodiment, by a usagetracking module 112 of a document computer system 102 and a browser 126of a user search computer system 108. In one embodiment, a singlecomputer system (having both a browser 126 and usage tracking module112) may serve as both the document computer system 102 and the usersearch computer system 108. In another embodiment, a user searchcomputer system 108 may perform elements 402 through 412 while adocument computer system 102 performs elements 414 through 424.

Flow chart 400 begins with element 402, receiving a request for a searchfrom a user. In one embodiment, the request for a search from a user mayinclude one or more keywords. A user may generate a request for a searchby inputting keywords (such as on a network site associated with thesearch engine) using a browser 126 on a user search computer system 108.The method of flow chart 400 may also receive a request from a user touse accrued usage credits on their search in element 404. A user maychoose to use accumulated usage credits to pay for an improved orpremium search, such as a quicker search, more accurate search,advertisement-free search, etc. A search engine server 106 or aggregatorserver 104 may grant usage credits to users in exchange for provideddocument usage information. The method of flow chart 400 generates asearch request in element 406 based on the user's request for a searchand request to use usage credits, if any, and transmits the generatedsearch request to a search request server 106 in element 408. In methodof flow chart 400 continues to element 410, where it receives searchresults from the search engine server 106. The search results may thenbe displayed to the user, such as via browser 126, in element 412.

After a user views the search results, the user may choose to view someof the documents appearing in the search results. In element 414, themethod of flow chart 400 receives selection of a document by a user. Theuser may select a document, in one example, by clicking on a linkassociated with the document on their browser 126. The method of flowchart 400 then may then transmit a request for the document andassociated document utilization information, if available, to a documentprovider, an aggregator server 104, etc. in element 416. In anotherembodiment, a copy of the electronic document may be located at thesearch engine server 106, eliminating the need to transmit a request. Inyet another embodiment, the document may be located at one location(e.g., with the document provider) while the document utilizationinformation at another (e.g., the aggregator server 104). The method offlow chart 400 then receives the document (and any document utilizationinformation) in element 418 and displays the document (with any documentutilization information) to the user in element 420.

If a user has agreed to allow document usage information to be collectedwhile they view a particular electronic document, the method of flowchart 400 continues to element 422, detecting usage of an electronicdocument and/or bookmarks by the user. Element 422 may be performed by ausage tracking module 112 of a document computer system 102. In oneembodiment, an indication of the usage of the electronic document is thetime a user spends viewing a particular page or other section of thedocument. For example, the usage of an electronic document may be thetime a user spends viewing pages or other sections within a PDF documentin a document reader 114. If a user spends a relatively long period oftime viewing a particular page, for example, it is evidence that theuser finds value in the information on that page. Similarly, if the userquickly moves past a page, it may reflect less value to that page.Quickly skipping over a page may reflect a lower value than never seeinga page at all, as an unseen page may have more potential to have valuethan one that is quickly reviewed and moved past. In another example,the usage of an electronic document includes printing of a page of adocument, another indication that the user finds that page valuable.Element 422 may include detection of any type of usage, including bothactive and passive uses. In an alternative embodiment, the method offlow chart 400 determines if the user is actively viewing the documentbefore counting time spent with the document open as viewing to improvethe accuracy of the determination. In addition to detecting usage, themethod of flow chart 400 also optionally detects bookmarks created inthe electronic document in element 422. The creation or deletion ofbookmarks in an electronic document is a type of usage of an electronicdocument that may provide an even more direct relation to the value auser places on the information on that page. A user typically creates abookmark on a page of an electronic document when they desire to be ableto quickly get back to that page or do not want to forget the locationof the information on that page, making bookmarks good evidence that theuser finds the information on the page valuable. Similarly, if a userdeletes a bookmark, it is good evidence that the user no longer findsthe information of value on that page.

After detecting document usage information and/or bookmarks, the methodof flow chart 400 continues to element 424. In this element, flow chart400 saves any document usage information, including bookmarkinformation, to any type of storage and transmits any document usageand/or bookmark information to an aggregator server 104 via network 110.The method of flow chart 400 may receive usage credit in element 426,after which flow chart 400 terminates. The method of flow chart 400 mayreceive an indication of the usage credit from an aggregator server 104,search engine server 106, etc.

FIG. 5 depicts an example of a flow chart 500 for aggregating electronicdocument usage information according to one embodiment. The method offlow chart 500 may be performed, in one embodiment, by an aggregatorserver 104. The method of flow chart 500 begins with element 502,receiving document usage and/or bookmark information, such as from aplurality of users on document computer systems 102. The method of flowchart 500 may also receive information about the user and/or computersystem that transmitted the information along with the document usageinformation. After receiving document usage and/or bookmark information,the method of flow chart 500 then continues to element 504, aggregatingdocument usage and/or bookmark information from multiple users and/ordocument computer systems 102 for a particular electronic document.Aggregation may occur at the page level (collecting usage of that pagesamong multiple users), or it may occur at different levels of fidelity,such as higher levels (e.g., chapters, sections, articles, etc.) orlower levels (e.g., paragraphs, sentences, etc.). In one embodiment, themethod of flow chart 500 determines the amount of time userscumulatively spent on each page of a particular electronic document. Inanother embodiment, the method of flow chart 500 determines thepercentage of users who bookmarked each page of an electronic document.

After usage and/or bookmark information has been collected, the methodof flow chart 500 continues to element 506, creating documentutilization information from the aggregated usage and/or bookmarkinformation for a particular document. In one example, documentutilization information for a particular electronic document includesthe relative amounts of time spent on each page of an electronicdocument by aggregated users. For example, the document utilizationinformation could indicate that users spent an average of 30 seconds onpage 1, two minutes on page 2, and 13 seconds on page three, and so on.A bar chart or histogram-like display could be created illustrating thetime spent on each page. Using this visual representation, a user couldsee that page 2, in this example, is probably the most valuable of theelectronic document pages. Any methodology is possible for aggregatingthe usage and/or bookmark information, and particular types ofprocessing might be requested by users or administrators, set up asdefaults, may be used in response to particular types of data, etc.

After creating document utilization information, the method of flowchart 500 may award usage credits to a user in element 508. Usagecredits may include any type of credit, reward, or benefit that may begiven to a user in exchange for providing document usage information. Inone embodiment, usage credits may be exchanged for discounted or freeservices relating to electronic documents. For example, a user mayreceive usage credits that may be exchanged for additional electronicdocuments. In another example, a user may exchange usage credits forpremium versions of electronic documents, such as electronic documentsthat include document utilization information or full versions ofarticles, chapters, etc. The method of flow chart 500 may award userswith usage credits for any type of document usage, such as time spentviewing documents, the number of documents viewed, the number ofbookmarks created, etc. The method of flow chart 500 may also awardusers with usage credits based on any number of factors, including thequality of a user's usage (e.g., how well it corresponds to otherusers). groups for which the user qualifies (e.g., Ph.D.'s, ages 18-49,income above $100,000, etc.), etc. After awarding usage credits, themethod of flow chart 500 continues to element 510, where an indicationof the awarded usage credits is transmitted to the user. At optionalelement 512, the method of flow chart 500 may receive a request from auser to use some or all of their usage credits in exchange forsearch-related benefits, such as a premium search.

An aggregator server 104 performing the method of flow chart 500 mayreceive and use statistics credits granted by a search engine server 106in exchange for services provided to the search engine server 106. Aftercreating document utilization information, an aggregator server 104 maytransmit the aggregated document utilization information to a searchengine server 106 via network 120 at element 514 for use in respondingto user search requests. As described below in relation to FIG. 6,document utilization information may increase the value and relevancy ofsearch results and is thus of value to search engine providers. Inelement 516, the method of flow chart 500 may receive an indication ofstatistics credits granted by a search engine server 106 or searchengine provider. If the method of flow chart 500 has any availablestatistics credits (either from previous transactions or received inelement 516), it may use those credits in decision block 518. Ifstatistics credits are not used, the method terminates. If statisticscredits are used, the method of flow chart 500 continues to element 520,where a request to use statistics credits is transmitted to the searchengine server 106, after which the method terminates. Statistics creditsmay be exchanged for premium services, such as improved visibility insearch results, free searching services, free advertisements to users,etc. In one example, a document provider may transmit documentutilization information for its documents to a search engine provider inexchange for improved visibility in the search engine provider's searchresults. This allows for a document provider to receive more hits fromusers for its documents as more users will see (and thus choose) thelink to their documents. This also allows for a search provider toacquire document utilization information which it may use to improve thequality and relevancy of its searches to users, thus potentiallyincreasing users and revenue.

FIG. 6 depicts an example of a flow chart 600 for receiving electronicdocument usage information and generating search results according toone embodiment. The method of flow chart 600 may be performed, in oneembodiment, by a search engine server 106. In element 602, the method offlow chart 600 may receive aggregated document utilization informationrelating to one or more documents from an aggregator server 104. Themethod of flow chart 600 may also receive an indication of a request touse statistics credits from the aggregator server 104 or documentprovider in decision block 604. In one embodiment, the credits may beused to enhance the priority of a search. If there is no request to usestatistics credits, flow chart 600 continues to element 608. If there isa request to use statistics credits, flow chart 600 continues to element606, in another embodiment modifying the priority of a document insearch results for a document provider when statistics credits arecashed in. Increasing the priority of a document makes the document morelikely to be selected by a user from their search results, as many usersstart from the beginning of the search results to find the content forwhich they are looking This provides an incentive for document providers(e.g., owners of aggregators servers 104) to provide documentutilization information to a search engine. A search engine server 106may provide other benefits or take other actions in response to adocument provider or aggregator server 104 using statistics creditsinstead of an improved priority for documents, such as providingpayment, free advertising, premium searches, etc.

After handling any statistics credits, the method of flow chart 600 maycontinue to element 608, receiving a search request from a user. Thereceived search request may be generated by a user inputting keywords(such as on a network site associated with the search engine) using abrowser 126 on a user search computer system 108 and then transmittingthe request to the search engine server 106. The method of flow chart600 may also receive an indication of a request to use usage creditsfrom the user in decision block 610. If there is no request to use usagecredits, element 612 is invoked and search results are generated inresponse to a user's search request. If there is a request to use usagecredits, flow chart 600 continues to element 614, generating premiumsearch results in response to a user's search request.

For both elements 612 and 614, search results may be generated based onthe user's search request, the keyword index, document utilizationinformation, etc. A search engine may use document utilizationinformation in any fashion, such as by giving the information aparticular weight versus the search index, using the documentutilization information to identify a particular relevant portion of adocument, using the document utilization information as factors indetermining the search results, etc. By using document utilizationinformation provided by the aggregator server 104, the quality andusefulness of the search results may be improved. Knowledge of whichportions of a document are more used than others allows a search enginealgorithm to consider the value of a portion of a document whengenerating search results. The search of element 614 differs from thatof element 612 in that it is a premium search (for which the user‘bought’ by trading in usage credits). A premium search may use a moresophisticated algorithm (e.g., including document utilizationinformation), may be faster, may be cheaper, may include fewer or noadvertisements, may be delivered in a different fashion, etc. Aftergenerating search results in either element 612 or 614, the method offlow chart 600 continues to element 616, transmitting an indication ofthe search results to the requesting user on a user search computersystem 108, after which the method terminates.

In general, the routines executed to implement the embodiments of theinvention, may be part of an operating system or a specific application,component, program, module, object, or sequence of instructions. Thecomputer program of the present invention typically is comprised of amultitude of instructions that will be translated by the native computerinto a machine-readable format and, hence, executable instructions.Also, programs are comprised of variables and data structures thateither reside locally to the program or are found in memory or onstorage devices. In addition, various programs described hereinafter maybe identified based upon the application for which they are implementedin a specific embodiment of the invention. However, it should beappreciated that any particular program nomenclature that follows isused merely for convenience, and thus the invention should not belimited to use solely in any specific application identified and/orimplied by such nomenclature.

It will be apparent to those skilled in the art having the benefit ofthis disclosure that the present invention contemplates methods,systems, and media for awarding credits based on provided electronicdocument usage information. It is understood that the form of theinvention shown and described in the detailed description and thedrawings are to be taken merely as examples. It is intended that thefollowing claims be interpreted broadly to embrace ail the variations ofthe example embodiments disclosed.

The invention claimed is:
 1. A computer-implemented method comprising:obtaining aggregate document usage information provided by a pluralityof users for a first document wherein the document usage informationrepresents interactions of the plurality of users with a same specificposition within the first document wherein the document usageinformation includes an amount of time that the plurality of users spentaccessing the position in the document; receiving a query submitted by auser of a computer system; obtaining search results responsive to thequery wherein each search result identifies a respective document andwherein at least one of the search results identifies the firstdocument; ordering the search results based on, at least, the documentusage information; and after the ordering, providing the search resultsto the computer system.
 2. The method of claim 1 wherein an interactionis creation or deletion of a bookmark for the location in the firstdocument by a user of the plurality of users.
 3. The method of claim 2wherein the document usage information includes data indicating aportion of the plurality of users that created a bookmark for thelocation in the first document.
 4. The method of claim 1 wherein the atleast one search result that identifies the first document identifiesthe location in the first document.
 5. The method of claim 1 wherein theamount of time is aggregated by page, chapter, section or article. 6.The method of claim 1 wherein a rank of the first document in the orderis based on, a least, the amount of time.
 7. The method of claim 1,further comprising providing credit to one or more of the plurality ofusers wherein the credit can be exchanged by the one or more users forgoods, services, coupons, monetary rewards, or access to documents.
 8. Acomputer readable medium having instruction stored thereon that, whenexecuted by one or more computers, causes the one or more computers toperform operations comprising: obtaining aggregate document usageinformation provided by a plurality of users for a first documentwherein the document usage information represents interactions of theplurality of users with a same specific position within the firstdocument wherein the document usage information includes an amount oftime that the plurality of users spent accessing the position in thedocument; receiving a query submitted by a user of a computer system;obtaining search results responsive to the query wherein each searchresult identifies a respective document and wherein at least one of thesearch results identifies the first document; ordering the searchresults based on, at least, the document usage information; and afterthe ordering, providing the search results to the computer system. 9.The computer readable medium of claim 8 wherein an interaction iscreation or deletion of a bookmark for the location in the firstdocument by a user of the plurality of users.
 10. The computer readablemedium of claim 9 wherein the document usage information includes dataindicating a portion of the plurality of users that created a bookmarkfor the location in the first document.
 11. The computer readable mediumof claim 8 wherein the at least one search result that identifies thefirst document identifies the location in the first document.
 12. Thecomputer readable medium of claim 8 wherein the amount of time isaggregated by page, chapter, section or article.
 13. The computerreadable medium of claim 8 wherein a rank of the first document in theorder is based on, a least, the amount of time.
 14. The computerreadable medium of claim 8, wherein the operations further compriseproviding credit to one or more of the plurality of users wherein thecredit can be exchanged by the one or more users for goods, services,coupons, monetary rewards, or access to documents.
 15. A systemcomprising: a computer readable medium having instruction storedthereon; and one or more computers programmed to execute theinstructions to perform operations comprising: obtaining aggregatedocument usage information provided by a plurality of users for a firstdocument wherein the document usage information represents interactionsof the plurality of users with a same specific position within the firstdocument wherein the document usage information includes an amount oftime that the plurality of users spent accessing the position in thedocument; receiving a query submitted by a user of a computer system;obtaining search results responsive to the query wherein each searchresult identifies a respective document and wherein at least one of thesearch results identifies the first document; ordering the searchresults based on, at least, the document usage information; and afterthe ordering, providing the search results to the computer system. 16.The system of claim 15 wherein an interaction is creation or deletion ofa bookmark for the location in the first document by a user of theplurality of users.
 17. The system of claim 16 wherein the documentusage information includes data indicating a portion of the plurality ofusers that created a bookmark for the location in the first document.18. The system of claim 15 wherein the at least one search result thatidentifies the first document identifies the location in the firstdocument.
 19. The system of claim 15 wherein the amount of time isaggregated by page, chapter, section or article.
 20. The system of claim15 wherein a rank of the first document in the order is based on, aleast, the amount of time.
 21. The system of claim 15, wherein theoperations further comprise providing credit to one or more of theplurality of users wherein the credit can be exchanged by the one ormore users for goods, services, coupons, monetary rewards, or access todocuments.